Lithium-ion batteries have become indispensable to modern technology, powering everything from mobile phones and laptops to electric vehicles. Despite their efficiency and widespread use, these batteries pose significant risks, particularly fire hazards.
The London Fire Brigade has stated that the fastest-growing risk in the capital is [lithium battery-powered] e-bikes and e-scooters. As reported by the BBC, there was a 78% increase in e-bike fires in 2023 compared to the previous year, with 155 e-bike fires and 28 e-scooter fires recorded.
Multiple risk factors
Lithium-ion batteries are favoured for their high energy density and long life. However, these very characteristics also make them prone to overheating and thermal runaway—a condition where the battery’s temperature increases uncontrollably, potentially leading to fires or explosions. The materials within these batteries are highly flammable and reactive, exacerbating the risk when damaged, overcharged, or manufactured poorly.
Several scenarios can lead to lithium battery fires, including:
Overcharging: This increases the battery voltage beyond safe limits, generating excessive heat.
Physical Damage: Batteries that are dropped, pierced, or struck can suffer internal damage, leading to short circuits.
Electrical Short-circuiting: Often caused by manufacturing defects or damage, short circuits can rapidly produce heat and ignite the battery.
Improper Storage: Storing batteries in hot or poorly ventilated areas heightens the risk of thermal runaway.
David Reynolds, Head of Risk Engineering & Surveys at RiskSTOP, said: “Businesses using lithium battery technology must prioritise comprehensive risk assessments and safety measures. Proper risk management includes conducting frequent checks to identify potential hazards, ensuring batteries are stored in cool, dry, and well-ventilated areas, implementing Battery Management Systems (BMS) to monitor battery health and prevent overheating, and educating employees on the safe handling, storage, and disposal of lithium batteries.”
“Effective risk management is essential in mitigating the dangers associated with lithium batteries. Proper storage, regular maintenance, and robust safety protocols are not just recommended but necessary to prevent potentially catastrophic incidents.”
RiskSTOP, who we thank for this article, have produced a Risk Management Guide association with Lithium Batteries which can be accessed by clicking the button below. Additionally, there are links to two further guides from the a guide from the Fire Protection Association.
Acknowledgements:
Rowlands & Hames would like to thank RiskSTOP for the use of this article and guidance. RiskSTOP works with the insurance industry, protecting people, property and businesses from loss by way of risk management surveys and advice. See their website at
